RESUMO
The aim of this study was to present a descriptive epidemiology of primary thyroid cancer in Tehran, Iran, using cancer registry data. All cases of thyroid cancer registered from 1998 to 2001 in Tehran Metropolitan Area Population-Based Cancer Registry were used for this study. The incidence of thyroid cancer was estimated for the area covered by the cancer registry. Survival of patients was ascertained by telephone call to the patients or the patient's family and/ or linkage of registry data to mortality data from the Bureau of Vital Statistics. Patient's survival was based on sex, age and morphological type of tumour. Four hundred and twenty-nine cases of primary thyroid cancer were registered in the Tehran Metropolitan Area Cancer Registry. The incidence of thyroid cancer was 3.5 and 1.0 per 100,000 population per year for females and males, respectively. Seventy percent of tumours were papillary, 11% follicular, 6.2% medullary, and the restwere other subtypes. The papillary and follicular variants occurred in younger age: 43 +/- 16 and 46 +/- 13 years, respectively; the medullary and anaplastic variants occurred in older age: over 50 years. A 5-year survival rate was 82.2%, with median survival of 66 months and 95% confidence interval of 63 and 69 months. Men and women had a similar survival experience. While the incidence of thyroid cancer was slightly high, the descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Tehran did not manifest a unique feature. Tehran patients experienced a high rate of survival, and the survival time for males and females was similar
RESUMO
Desmoperssin is the drug of choice for treatment of central diabetes insipidus and most commonly it is used as intranasal spray. In this study, efficacy and side effects of oral desmopressin was compared with the intranasal spray. This study was before -after clinical trial on 14 outpatients [9 F, 5 M, age 14 -50 Y] with central diabetes insipidus who had been treated with intranasal spray of desmopressin previously. Weight, pulse rate and blood pressure [sitting -standing], biochemical profile, serum electrolytes, 24h urine volume, specific gravity of urine and LFT was measured before and after 1 month study. Starting dose for each patient was one oral tablet of DDAVP [0.1 mg] per 8 hours. Paired Samples T-Test was used for data analysis. No clinically significant changes were found as regard to weight, pulse rate, blood pressure, blood chemistry, electrolyte and urinalysis. Single reported adverse effect was headache [43%] in tablet group and dyspnea [7%] in spray group. Both dosage forms were able to control diurnal polyuria and nocturnal polyuria. The antidiuretic dose - equivalence ratio for intranasal to oral desmopressin was 1: 18. Spray was superior in terms of rapid onset of action and duration of antidiuretic action in 100% and 78% of cases [not significant], respectively. Tablets were more available and much more easily consumed as reported by patients, in 86% [P=0.0006]. Treatment with tablets offers a good alternative to the intranasal route, especially in patients with chronic rhinitis or common cold and similar conditions